Add rubocop binstub, simplify configuration (#30407)

.rubocop/custom.yml

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+---
+require:
+  - ../lib/linter/rubocop_middle_dot
+
+Style/MiddleDot:
+  Enabled: true

.rubocop/layout.yml

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+---
+Layout/FirstHashElementIndentation:
+  EnforcedStyle: consistent
+
+Layout/LineLength:
+  Max: 300 # Default of 120 causes a duplicate entry in generated todo file

.rubocop/metrics.yml

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+---
+Metrics/AbcSize:
+  Exclude:
+    - lib/mastodon/cli/*.rb
+
+Metrics/BlockLength:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Metrics/ClassLength:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity:
+  Exclude:
+    - lib/mastodon/cli/*.rb
+
+Metrics/MethodLength:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Metrics/ModuleLength:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Metrics/ParameterLists:
+  CountKeywordArgs: false

.rubocop/naming.yml

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+---
+Naming/BlockForwarding:
+  EnforcedStyle: explicit

.rubocop/rails.yml

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+---
+Rails/FilePath:
+  EnforcedStyle: arguments
+
+Rails/HttpStatus:
+  EnforcedStyle: numeric
+
+Rails/LexicallyScopedActionFilter:
+  Exclude:
+    - app/controllers/auth/* # Conflicts with `Lint/UselessMethodDefinition` for inherited controller actions
+
+Rails/NegateInclude:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Rails/RakeEnvironment:
+  Exclude: # Tasks are doing local work which do not need full env loaded
+    - lib/tasks/auto_annotate_models.rake
+    - lib/tasks/emojis.rake
+    - lib/tasks/mastodon.rake
+    - lib/tasks/repo.rake
+    - lib/tasks/statistics.rake
+
+Rails/SkipsModelValidations:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Rails/UnusedIgnoredColumns:
+  Enabled: false # Preserve ability to migrate from arbitrary old versions

.rubocop/rspec.yml

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+---
+RSpec/ExampleLength:
+  CountAsOne: ['array', 'heredoc', 'method_call']
+
+RSpec/NamedSubject:
+  EnforcedStyle: named_only
+
+RSpec/NotToNot:
+  EnforcedStyle: to_not
+
+RSpec/SpecFilePathFormat:
+  CustomTransform:
+    ActivityPub: activitypub
+    DeepL: deepl
+    FetchOEmbedService: fetch_oembed_service
+    OEmbedController: oembed_controller
+    OStatus: ostatus

.rubocop/rspec_rails.yml

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+---
+RSpecRails/HttpStatus:
+  EnforcedStyle: numeric

.rubocop/strict.yml

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+Lint/Debugger: # Remove any `binding.pry`
+  Enabled: true
+  Exclude: []
+
+RSpec/Focus: # Require full spec run on CI
+  Enabled: true
+  Exclude: []
+
+Rails/Output: # Remove any `puts` debugging
+  Enabled: true
+  Exclude: []
+
+Rails/FindEach: # Using `each` could impact performance, use `find_each`
+  Enabled: true
+  Exclude: []
+
+Rails/UniqBeforePluck: # Require `uniq.pluck` and not `pluck.uniq`
+  Enabled: true
+  Exclude: []

.rubocop/style.yml

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+---
+Style/ClassAndModuleChildren:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/Documentation:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/FormatStringToken:
+  AllowedMethods:
+    - redirect_with_vary # Route redirects are not token-formatted
+  inherit_mode:
+    merge:
+      - AllowedMethods
+
+Style/HashAsLastArrayItem:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/HashSyntax:
+  EnforcedShorthandSyntax: either
+  EnforcedStyle: ruby19_no_mixed_keys
+
+Style/NumericLiterals:
+  AllowedPatterns:
+    - \d{4}_\d{2}_\d{2}_\d{6}
+
+Style/PercentLiteralDelimiters:
+  PreferredDelimiters:
+    '%i': ()
+    '%w': ()
+
+Style/RedundantBegin:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/RedundantFetchBlock:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/RescueStandardError:
+  EnforcedStyle: implicit
+
+Style/SymbolArray:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/TrailingCommaInArrayLiteral:
+  EnforcedStyleForMultiline: comma
+
+Style/TrailingCommaInHashLiteral:
+  EnforcedStyleForMultiline: comma